164 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
164 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
[video member=cmuratori stream_platform=twitch stream_username=handmade_hero project=ray title="Making a Simple Raycaster" vod_platform=youtube id=pq7dV4sR7lg annotator=Miblo]
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[0:05][Welcome to the stream, with a few words on the new computers]
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[4:09][Embark on making a ray tracer, starting with a directory and build.bat]
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[6:17][ray.cpp: Implement Hello World!]
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[7:42][Build and run successfully]
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[8:01][Ray tracer]
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[9:40][ray.cpp: Introduce struct bitmap_header and a bitmap writer]
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[13:22][A few words on malloc()]
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[14:51][ray.cpp: Write colour values into memory, with a few words on our representation of this memory]
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[18:35][ray.cpp: Initialise a bitmap Header]
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[23:18][ray.cpp: Write to a file using fwrite()[ref
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site="cplusplus"
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page="fwrite"
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url="http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/cstdio/fwrite/"]]
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[29:43][ray.cpp: typedef our types]
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[31:17][Step through the code and try unsuccessfully to read our bitmap image]
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[32:58][ray.cpp: Fill in the bitmap Header[ref
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site=Wikipedia
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page="BMP file format"
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url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMP_file_format]]
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[37:39][Run successfully, but receive find that our file is not well-formed]
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[38:18][Step through the code and inspect our header]
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[38:49][Draw a picture and save it out as a BMP file]
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[39:45][ray.cpp: Load reference.bmp]
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[40:23][Step through and inspect the header of the well-formed reference.bmp]
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[42:02][ray.cpp: Fix up our header to be closer to the well-formed file[ref
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site=Wikipedia
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page="BMP file format"
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url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMP_file_format]]
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[44:29][Run and successfully read our bitmap file]
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[45:09][ray.cpp: Write to all pixels in the image, and succesfully view it]
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[45:24][ray.cpp: Add a red band to the image, to emphasise its directionality]
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[45:52][Run and view our image]
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[46:30][ray.cpp: Flip the sign of the Header.Height to draw the image from top to bottom]
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[47:26][ray.cpp: Introduce struct image_32, WriteImage(), GetTotalPixelSize() and AllocateImage()]
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[53:20][Run our program to recreate the bitmap file]
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[54:04][Consider the next logical step for our ray tracer]
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[55:11][ray.h: Pull out our types from ray.cpp and introduce structs material, plane, sphere and world]
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[1:00:15][ray.cpp: Initialise a world and two materials]
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[1:03:19][ray_math.h: Pull in structs v2, v3 and v4 from handmade_platform.h, and various functions from handmade_math.h]
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[1:09:58][ray.cpp: Determine to initialise a plane]
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[1:10:51][Blackboard: Defining planes, using the inner product]
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[1:15:03][ray.cpp: Define a plane]
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[1:15:29][ray.cpp: Introduce the notion of a camera]
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[1:17:51][Blackboard: Camera axis coordinate system]
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[1:18:57][ray.cpp: Continue to define the camera]
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[1:21:35][Step through and inspect the camera values]
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[1:23:04][ray.cpp: Hard set the CameraZ to 0, 1, 0 and step through to inspect the other axes]
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[1:24:03][Blackboard: 3D coordinate system, following the right-hand rule]
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[1:27:37][ray.cpp: Correctly define the camera axes]
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[1:28:25][Step through and inspect the camera values]
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[1:28:53][Blackboard: Shooting rays through a plane]
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[1:30:42][ray.cpp: Convert our pixel positions to ratios across a film plane]
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[1:34:58][ray.cpp: Shoot rays at our film]
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[1:37:28][ray.cpp: Introduce RayCast(), testing first that it outputs the colours we expect]
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[1:40:06][Blackboard: Ray hit detection]
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[1:41:02][ray.cpp: Continue to implement RayCast()]
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[1:44:28][Blackboard: Ray intersection]
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[1:48:02][ray.cpp: Compute our intersection distance]
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[1:48:48][Blackboard: Parallel ray and plane]
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[1:49:49][ray.cpp: Make RayCast() test the Denominator against our Tolerance value]
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[1:50:52][build.bat: Automatically open the image after building]
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[1:52:22][Build, see our image and check that we are producing what we expect]
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[1:54:20][Blackboard: Double-check our equations]
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[1:56:47][ray.cpp: Set one material colour to grey, consider that we are exactly backwards and investigate why]
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[1:59:05][Blackboard: Camera coordinates]
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[1:59:32][Continue to investigate our inversion bug]
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[2:03:27][Blackboard: Producing camera coordinates]
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[2:04:18][ray.cpp: Set CameraX by crossing 0, 0, 1 and CameraZ the other way]
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[2:05:20][View our correct image]
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[2:05:38][ray.cpp: Add a sphere]
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[2:08:01][ray.cpp: Enable RayCast() to handle spheres]
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[2:08:48][Blackboard: Sphere Intersection[ref
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site="Wikipedia"
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page="Quadratic equation"
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url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic_equation"]]
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[2:16:10][ray.cpp: Enable RayCast() to compute the nearest sphere interesection point]
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[2:23:14][Run and view our image]
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[2:23:36][Blackboard: Sphere origin]
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[2:24:40][ray.cpp: Make RayCast() correctly account for the sphere origin]
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[2:27:05][ray.cpp: Correctly compute FilmX]
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[2:27:30][ray.cpp: Handle the aspect ratio]
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[2:30:11][Blackboard: Aspect ratio]
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[2:30:42][View our image in the correct aspect]
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[2:31:42][ray.cpp: Output stats]
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[2:32:47][Run our program in the console to see our stats]
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[2:34:48][ray.cpp: Enable RayCast() to cast multiple rays from different origins]
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[2:45:05][ray.h: Change the material struct to contain EmitColor and RefColor]
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[2:46:17][ray.cpp: Enable RayCast() to use both of those material colours]
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[2:47:22][Blackboard: Attenuating angles]
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[2:48:30][ray.cpp: Make RayCast() attenuate ray angles to correctly propagate light back to the camera]
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[2:51:53][View our scene]
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[2:53:25][Blackboard: Surface reflectance]
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[2:56:18][ray.h: Add Specular to the material struct]
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[2:56:46][Blackboard: Reflecting a vector]
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[2:57:28][ray.cpp: Enable RayCast() to bounce rays randomly (but not unbiased) around the scene, renaming Specular to Scatter]
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[3:01:22][ray.cpp: Introduce RandomUnilateral() and RandomBilateral()]
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[3:03:35][View our image, and see black dots around the scene]
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[3:04:45][ray.cpp: Set RayDirection to PureBounce, and correctly set the NextOrigin]
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[3:06:10][View our image, consider that it's not quite right and investigate why]
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[3:07:32][ray.cpp: Correctly set PureBounce and NextNormal]
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[3:09:57][View our image and consider that the sphere may be below the plane]
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[3:12:09][ray.cpp: Make RayCast() use the RandomBounce, and view our image]
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[3:13:25][ray.cpp: Enable RayCast() to cast multiple rays per pixel]
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[3:14:50][Blackboard: Angular attenuation]
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[3:15:15][ray.cpp: Enable RayCast() to account for cosine attenuation]
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[3:17:32][View the image, and consider that it's sort of correct]
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[3:17:48][ray.cpp: Toggle off the cosine attenuation in RayCast()]
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[3:18:24][ray.cpp: Add more spheres and materials]
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[3:21:12][View our image, with spheres reflecting light]
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[3:22:34][ray.cpp: Handle gamma correct sRGB]
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[3:23:41][View our gamma correct image]
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[3:24:08][ray.cpp: Introduce ExactLinearTosRGB()[ref
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site="Jason Summers's web site"
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page="A close look at the sRGB formula"
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url="http://entropymine.com/imageworsener/srgbformula/"]]
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[3:28:32][ray_math.h: Introduce Pow()]
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[3:28:54][View our apparently correct sRGB image]
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[3:29:44][ray.cpp: Add a fourth sphere]
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[3:30:36][View our image]
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[3:31:13][ray.cpp: Re-enable RayCast() to perform cosine attenuation, and turn the red sphere into an emitter]
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[3:32:57][View our image and consider further developments]
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[3:34:30][ray.cpp: Compute the RayOrigin and RayDirection every time, to facilitate anti-aliasing at higher sampling rates]
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[3:35:14][View the aliasing where the spheres meet the planes]
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[3:35:46][ray.cpp: Jitter the ray direction]
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[3:37:33][View the image with less and less aliasing as the RaysPerPixel increases]
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[3:38:41][Consider optimisations]
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[3:39:25][Q&A][:speech]
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[3:39:50][@mapem_87][Is this series for total beginners in game programming?]
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[3:40:19][@Kknewkles][Is it possible, or how hard is it, to have a debug system built-into your project that completely eliminates the need for a dedicated side debugger?]
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[3:40:51][@macielda][Your mic is bouncing on the metal ring on your hood]
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[3:41:13][@byteblind][So I just saw an old video where it says "Project will go at least until 2016". How far along towards the end are you?]
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[3:42:02][@drive137][Is this going to be uploaded with the normal Handmade Hero code as well?]
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[3:42:11][@bestalloys][Bug in the denominator check]
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[3:42:30][ray.cpp: Fix Denom check]
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[3:43:22][@bestalloys][Shouldn't you initialize your materials so EmitColor and RefColor are initialized?]
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[3:43:41][@desuused][Maybe instead of reinventing BRDF (what you call reflectance), use some well-known BRDF, like Disney's? You can look at the implementation of one in e.g. Blender]
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[3:44:11][@genos3][Could we use ray casting to determine a scene in real time that would allow infinite visibility, like with sparse voxel octree as opposed to a rasterizer?]
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[3:45:39][@Miblo][Whatever happened to owlbot?]
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[3:45:44][@siltnamis][why not use std::thread?]
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[3:45:51][@pythor][Is it just a coincidence that three of the spheres all have their top / bottom line up almost exactly on the horizon? Or is that an artifact of something we're doing?]
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[3:46:16][@sirslani][Could you just insert pragma omp on the raycaster loop?]
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[3:46:36][@flyingsolomon][Could you disable windows bells? I hate these sounds]
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[3:47:04][@macielda][The anti-alias has "roping" artifacts. Why?]
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[3:48:06][View the anti-aliasing of the image in Paint]
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[3:49:24][@bouke285][Will the growing popularity of multi-threading make procedural programming harder?]
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[3:50:08][@bestalloys][Can you make one of the spheres a mirror?]
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[3:50:23][ray.cpp: Create a mirror ball]
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[3:52:00][@bluebooger][Is this source code included with $15 for Handmade Hero source?]
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[3:52:30][@hoshoyo][Materials\[6\] should be 7 now]
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[3:53:18][@sir_pinecone][Can you share the question prompter code too? I missed some of the stream and would like to see it]
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[3:53:43][@genos3][I meant before if we could use traditional ray casting like Wolfenstein used to determine mesh visibility in the distance just using diffuse lighting]
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[3:54:15][View our mirror ball]
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[3:54:33][That's it, with plans for the future of our raycaster][:speech]
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[3:58:20][Recommend Physically Based Rendering[ref
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site="Matt Pharr and Greg Humphreys"
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page="Physically Based Rendering"
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url="http://pbrt.org/"]][:research]
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[3:59:39][Plug @Miblo's Patreon[ref
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site="Patreon"
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page="Matt Mascarenhas is creating Annotations for the Handmade.Network"
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url="https://www.patreon.com/miblo"]][:research]
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[/video]
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