114 lines
5.7 KiB
Markdown
114 lines
5.7 KiB
Markdown
# Compilers: How To Make a Programming Language
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Other compiler-related topics out of scope:
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- What are programs anyway (Forth, LISP)
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- Computation: Turing machines, lambda calculus
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- Compiler optimization
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- GC (motivated by LISP)
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aesthetics:
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- stay motivated; stick close to a c-like, imperative, procedural model because that's what people are used to
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motivation / goals / what questions are we trying to answer:
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- I want to be able to make a toy procedural language.
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- like C, Algol, JS, Lua, etc.
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- possible user motivations:
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- I want to make a game scripting language
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- I want to make a DSL for my job (and I want syntax highlighting!)
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- I want to do simple static analysis of my projects
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ok what do we want to cover
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- classical compiler structure (lexer -> parser -> codegen)
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| Title | Page |
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|------------------------------|------|
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| Phases of a Compiler | https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/phases-of-a-compiler/ |
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| Compiler Architecture | https://cs.lmu.edu/~ray/notes/compilerarchitecture/ |
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| Compiler Design | https://www.tutorialspoint.com/compiler_design/compiler_design_phases_of_compiler.htm |
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| Structure of a Compiler | https://www.csd.uwo.ca/~mmorenom/CS447/Lectures/Introduction.html/node10.html |
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| The Structure of a Compiler | https://www.brainkart.com/article/The-Structure-of-a-Compiler_8121/ |
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| Wikipedia: Compiler | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compiler |
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| Compiler Phases | https://www.javatpoint.com/compiler-phases |
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| The Structure of a Compiler | https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~fischer/cs536.s08/lectures/Lecture04.4up.pdf |
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| Phases of a Compiler | https://www.guru99.com/compiler-design-phases-of-compiler.html |
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| Writing a C Compiler (Pt. 1) | https://norasandler.com/2017/11/29/Write-a-Compiler.html |
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| V: Structure of a Compiler | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RH02jcUiPI0 |
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| V: Phases of a Compiler | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jE7f3sGLGVk |
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| V: Compiler Design | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OZSGjRSHYUk |
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| V: Different Phases of Comp | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TApMNhQPaCM |
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| V: Phases of Compiler | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2BRNodqbgI |
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| V: Parser and Lexer (Pt. 1) | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eF9qWbuQLuw |
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- semantic analysis / type checking
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- modern compiler structures (IR / SSA, optimization)
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- interpreters vs. JITs vs. AOTs vs. "transpilers"
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- executables and linkers
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- regular expressions?
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- regular languages / grammars / language structure / automata
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- terminology?
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the c compilation process
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- translation units
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- preprocessing -> (the whole compilation process) -> object files -> linking
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- c compilation model is not in favor any more, don't like compiling all these files separately
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- ABIs and FFI
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- should maybe be in separate article
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experts / consultants:
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- Bill
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- NeGate
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## The actual progression
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- Simple expression interpreter (parse and evaluate)
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- Classical compiler construction (lex -> parse -> output), semantic analysis / type checking
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- motivation: complex structures! recursion! etc.
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- many of these resources exist and cover different aspects of the process in different ways
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- Grammars and language structure
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- Types of output (interpreter vs. AOT vs. JIT, etc.)
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- We can probably find resources on specific ones of these
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- Modern phases (IR / SSA)
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- Mention WASM?
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- The terrors of the real world
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- Executables, linkers, and debug info
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- The C ABI and FFI
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- Register allocation
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- C is not the only language
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- LISP
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- Forth
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- This could be a whole topic maybe
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## Link dump
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### Books
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- Engineering a Compiler:
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[Well liked]
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http://www.r-5.org/files/books/computers/compilers/writing/Keith_Cooper_Linda_Torczon-Engineering_a_Compiler-EN.pdf
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- Compiler Design in C:
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[May have a full implementation inside]
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https://holub.com/goodies/compiler/compilerDesignInC.pdf
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- Dragon Book:
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[Potentially outdated -- mixed reviews]
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http://ce.sharif.edu/courses/94-95/1/ce414-2/resources/root/Text%20Books/Compiler%20Design/Alfred%20V.%20Aho,%20Monica%20S.%20Lam,%20Ravi%20Sethi,%20Jeffrey%20D.%20Ullman-Compilers%20-%20Principles,%20Techniques,%20and%20Tools-Pearson_Addison%20Wesley%20(2006).pdf
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### Webpages
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- lua grammar: http://lua-users.org/wiki/LuaGrammar
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- pascal railroad diagrams: https://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/novak/grammar.html
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- tons of links: https://github.com/aalhour/awesome-compilers
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- expression parsing examples:
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- pratt parsing and recursive descent: https://journal.stuffwithstuff.com/2011/03/19/pratt-parsers-expression-parsing-made-easy/
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- dunno, not recursive descent: https://www.cs.rochester.edu/u/nelson/courses/csc_173/grammars/parsing.html
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- gary bernhardt's compiler from scratch: https://www.destroyallsoftware.com/screencasts/catalog/a-compiler-from-scratch
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- lambda calculus interpreter: https://justine.lol/lambda/
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- chibicc (full, readable C compiler): https://github.com/rui314/chibicc
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- A Compiler Writing Journey (has many pages/topics): https://github.com/DoctorWkt/acwj
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#### From NeGate
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- Near-Optimal Instruction Selection on DAGs: https://llvm.org/pubs/2008-CGO-DagISel.pdf
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- The Design and Implementation of Gnu Compiler Generation Framework: https://www.cse.iitb.ac.in/~uday/courses/cs715-10/cs715-gcc-intro-handout.pdf
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- Lecture Notes on Static Single Assignment Form: https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~rjsimmon/15411-f15/lec/10-ssa.pdf
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- Simple and Efficient Construction of Static Single Assignment Form: https://pp.info.uni-karlsruhe.de/uploads/publikationen/braun13cc.pdf
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- LLVM Greedy Register Allocator – Improving Region Split Decisions: https://llvm.org/devmtg/2018-04/slides/Yatsina-LLVM%20Greedy%20Register%20Allocator.pdf
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- NULLSTONE Optimization Categories: ttp://www.nullstone.com/htmls/category.htm |